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all right i now uh understand it's time

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for us to go to mission control they

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should be hearing us josh are you there

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hey ryan we're here uh thanks for

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tossing it to us i'm josh barley here in

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ted mission control houston i am uh

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currently it's time for us to go to

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mission control for the past 30 minutes

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i've been talking with ball high school

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in galveston texas talking about some of

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the amazing things that are happening

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here at nasa as well as the

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international space station

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we are connected to mission control i

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understand josh are you there yeah we're

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here ryan uh this is josh barley here

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inside mission control we want to thank

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you guys for joining us here i'm here

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with mike serafin who is a flight

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director here he is both a space station

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and a space shuttle flight director

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worked a number of shuttle ambitions

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also is uh working an upcoming test

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flight for our orion spacecraft which is

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the one that we're designing to go out

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into a deep space here in the next few

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years so the flight director is really

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in charge of the entire team here so

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mike knows quite a bit about how things

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work both here on the ground and up in

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space so let's go ahead and take your

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hi my name is andrea

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how many people fit in the space shuttle

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and space station

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hi that's a good question welcome to

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mission control

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the space shuttle we have seats for

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seven people to fly up on that and on

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the space station we've got enough room

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to sleep six people

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so right now we've got six uh astronauts

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and cosmonauts staying onboard the

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international space station

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and uh when what we call visiting

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vehicles a space shuttle or another uh

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crude spaceship like the russian soyuz

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come and visit the space station houses

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those folks as well and sometimes uh

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during the space shuttle missions that

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we flew in the past

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the uh people would get up to 13 on

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who's next

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hi my name is raquel archie and my

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question is where are the current

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missions of the space station

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hi raquel uh well the space station has

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a number of missions

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all of them revolve around science and

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engineering and understanding

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the earth and the solar system

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right now we've got experiments on board

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physics experiments like the alpha

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magnetic spectrometer that are measuring

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particles out there in space it sees

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billions of particles a month

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we are studying the human body and how

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that changes in a microgravity

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environment uh one of the

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one of the more compelling experiments

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going on right now is understanding how

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the fluids shift from

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the lower body to the upper body uh

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increases uh what they call intracranial

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pressure in in the

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in the human's uh head and how that

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affects uh our ability to see and uh

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changes in vision over time in space

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they're also uh material science

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experiments uh there's uh one of my

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favorite experiments is called missy

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it's a materials and space experiment

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where we fly

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uh science uh

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materials or or various uh

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spacecraft components on board a a

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platform that sits outside the space

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station and expose it to the vacuum of

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space and the extreme heat and cold of

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space and we see how those materials

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react so those are just a couple of

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experiments they're also

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medical experiments and uh and just

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general uh fluid physics and other other

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science experiments we conduct and

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actually to mike's point some of those

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experiments that we have on board right

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now are actually designed by students i

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mean some of them flew up on the recent

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spacex mission that were designed by

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kids just like you and some of them i

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can't even pronounce what they are but

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uh but they're very cool and

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uh it's kind of neat to see students

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like you guys actually designing things

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that the crew is actually testing on

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board the space station so it's a good

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question who's up next

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and i couldn't agree more josh this is

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ryan at the dln i'm going to cut in real

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quickly if you don't mind i'm getting

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word now that if the school could change

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the camera shot to the wide

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classroom shot that would be better and

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you might want to also watch your mute

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button if you can mute your microphone

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between questions that we'd also

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appreciate that

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go ahead and stand where you're sitting

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so do we have another question

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so i think the question was what are our

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current plans for future space travel

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in the short term we're going to

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continue to fly to the international

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space station and do the experiments

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that we just talked about

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and develop technology required to go to

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deep space and send humans beyond low

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earth orbit

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as josh mentioned at the outset of our

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talk together i'm the lead flight

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director for one of the missions where

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we're going to fly the orion capsule

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it's going to be a man capable uh

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spacecraft

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up to an altitude of uh 3 300 nautical

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miles it'll be the highest at a

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man-capable spacecraft has flown since

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the 1970s in the apollo era and we're

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going to test out its capabilities with

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the intent of sending humans

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around the moon and back

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2017-2019 time frame so we're gonna

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continue to explore uh low-earth orbit

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good question who's next

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yeah absolutely uh we can see all of the

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earth's weather from space

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one of the primary things that the

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astronauts like to do in their free time

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is to just look out the window we have

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this wonderful platform the viewing

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platform called the cupolo and it has a

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series of windows and it looks down at

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the earth and

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they they take wonderful photographs a

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lot of those are posted on the nasa

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website www.nasa.gov

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and you can look at those on a daily

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basis they update those

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those photos every day based on what the

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astronauts view

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one of my favorite things to do here in

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mission control is just to watch the

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video coming down from the international

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space station

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and we've seen things like hurricanes

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you know just missing the united states

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and

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the smoke plumes from volcanoes erupting

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or smoked plumes from forest fires in

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in texas and in other areas around

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around the world

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we've seen the aftermath of tsunamis on

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the other side of the world and and just

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you see some remarkable things including

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land use pattern and how uh humans are

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are using the earth either for

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agriculture or uh to build ports or

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cities here on earth matter of fact

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there's some wildfires in new mexico and

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colorado that they flew over uh

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yesterday and try to get some pictures

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of and of course like mike said just log

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onto the nasa website you can see any of

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those pictures some of them have gotten

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just a ton of views on the website

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because they're so remarkable to take a

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look at them so

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if you haven't seen it go check it out

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you can probably also spot your hometown

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and some of those pictures as well

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galveston's kind of easy to spot so

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yeah galveston is a is a real easy place

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to see you just follow the the texas

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coastline along and then you'll see

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galveston bay the the trinity bay area

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and then the galveston sitting just

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below it it's it's pretty easy to spot

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my name is caitlin hamilton and what

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role does each country play now in

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regards to the international space

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okay that's a good question uh now that

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we've built the international space

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station all of the the nations that are

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involved in the space station program

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are still cooperating to not only fly

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their own astronauts up to the

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international space station and and

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perform their own

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nation's science objectives

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but we're also working together to do

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things like

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do interplanetary exploration uh there

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are missions that

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nasa and the united states government

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flies

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with the european space agency and the

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the japanese space age exploration

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agency

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we've got a lot of joint missions that

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are going on together

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partly because they're really expensive

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and and we want to share the cost but

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also because it's important to cooperate

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with other nations you use that as a

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foundation uh to to just have a good uh

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working relationship together it also

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shows the importance of learning other

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languages which is going to be critical

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to i think you guys and everybody that

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comes behind you i mean most of our

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astronauts if not all of them speak some

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amount of russian

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and some of them speak japanese so it's

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it's important to be able to communicate

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with all of our different partners on

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board to learn about those different

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cultures and their languages as well

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right and and one of the

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one of the more unique things you learn

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when you get into a field like space

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flight and engineering is that math and

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science are universal language and of

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themselves

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because you don't need to translate any

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of that it's it's the same in russian

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and japanese and english as is any other

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language uh so

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uh just the fact that we're cooperating

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and talking the same things um

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it goes a long way math is important

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unless you're a journalism major and

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this

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is

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not so much but now you still gotta pay

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my name is jeroen and johnson and my

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question is that last month the private

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space company spacex sent its dragon

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ships to the international space station

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well nasa's new space vehicle will be

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similar to the dragon

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that's a good question uh that is a

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great question the orion spacecraft that

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we're gonna fly here in 2014 is

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similar but very different in terms of

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capability from the dragon spacecraft

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nasa has consciously uh agreed with the

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commercial space industry to not compete

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for low earth orbit

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commercial services so to send cargo to

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and from the international space station

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we're going to let our commercial

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partners like spacex and and other

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companies handle that um but for the

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what we'll call the high ground above

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low earth orbit and services that go

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outside of what the international space

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station flies to

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altitudes you know in excess of 500

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nautical miles that that is where nasa

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will continue to explore and push out

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00:11:04,630 --> 00:11:02,720
from earth

282
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not only just to to see what the

283
00:11:08,550 --> 00:11:06,880
environment is like but also to uh to

284
00:11:11,030 --> 00:11:08,560
learn about

285
00:11:12,550 --> 00:11:11,040
the benefits of space

286
00:11:13,910 --> 00:11:12,560
and one thing is you got to realize that

287
00:11:16,069 --> 00:11:13,920
you know going to the station's about a

288
00:11:17,590 --> 00:11:16,079
two-day trip and

289
00:11:18,550 --> 00:11:17,600
when we go to an asteroid or someplace

290
00:11:19,670 --> 00:11:18,560
like that or even back to the moon

291
00:11:21,430 --> 00:11:19,680
you're talking about

292
00:11:23,190 --> 00:11:21,440
weeks if not months of trying to get

293
00:11:25,190 --> 00:11:23,200
there so what are we flying it's got to

294
00:11:26,790 --> 00:11:25,200
take a lot of gas a lot of air a lot of

295
00:11:28,230 --> 00:11:26,800
water for the crew and

296
00:11:29,750 --> 00:11:28,240
so orion's a little bit different in

297
00:11:31,190 --> 00:11:29,760
terms of what it's got to do and the

298
00:11:32,470 --> 00:11:31,200
environment inside and how the crews are

299
00:11:33,750 --> 00:11:32,480
going to live in there so it's a it's a

300
00:11:35,509 --> 00:11:33,760
bit of a different vehicle a lot a lot

301
00:11:37,030 --> 00:11:35,519
of different requirements for it yeah

302
00:11:38,949 --> 00:11:37,040
probably the biggest difference there is

303
00:11:40,870 --> 00:11:38,959
orion has to have a heat shield that is

304
00:11:43,829 --> 00:11:40,880
capable of we're withstanding what we

305
00:11:47,350 --> 00:11:43,839
call a a high velocity reentry when we

306
00:11:50,150 --> 00:11:47,360
come out of low earth orbit uh the the

307
00:11:51,750 --> 00:11:50,160
speed of the spacecraft is around 25 000

308
00:11:53,590 --> 00:11:51,760
miles per hour but when we come back

309
00:11:55,590 --> 00:11:53,600
from the moon it is far greater than

310
00:11:58,150 --> 00:11:55,600
that and the heat shield has to be able

311
00:12:00,710 --> 00:11:58,160
to take all that energy out and and

312
00:12:03,670 --> 00:12:00,720
withstand the heat of reentry and you

313
00:12:05,829 --> 00:12:03,680
design the spacecraft around that so the

314
00:12:07,350 --> 00:12:05,839
companies like spacex are are designing

315
00:12:09,110 --> 00:12:07,360
robust heat shields but they're only

316
00:12:11,190 --> 00:12:09,120
designed for low earth orbit and reentry

317
00:12:14,230 --> 00:12:11,200
from there whereas the orion spacecraft

318
00:12:17,030 --> 00:12:14,240
has to be a lot more robust and capable

319
00:12:27,829 --> 00:12:17,040
of withstanding a far greater heat

320
00:12:27,839 --> 00:12:34,550
speak up a little louder

321
00:12:38,230 --> 00:12:36,949
what was that question

322
00:12:40,470 --> 00:12:38,240
uh what is nasa's greatest

323
00:12:42,230 --> 00:12:40,480
accomplishment okay

324
00:12:44,470 --> 00:12:42,240
that's a that's a tough question what is

325
00:12:47,030 --> 00:12:44,480
nasa's greatest accomplishment um

326
00:12:49,110 --> 00:12:47,040
certainly flying 30 years of the space

327
00:12:51,750 --> 00:12:49,120
shuttle is is at or near the top of the

328
00:12:53,509 --> 00:12:51,760
list the hubble space telescope

329
00:12:54,870 --> 00:12:53,519
and all of its discoveries are at the

330
00:12:55,750 --> 00:12:54,880
top of the list

331
00:12:57,190 --> 00:12:55,760
and then

332
00:12:59,030 --> 00:12:57,200
the international space station

333
00:13:02,150 --> 00:12:59,040
assembling that

334
00:13:04,790 --> 00:13:02,160
the mars missions that we've explored

335
00:13:08,069 --> 00:13:04,800
and put rovers and scene

336
00:13:09,190 --> 00:13:08,079
uh you know fantastic photos and video

337
00:13:11,350 --> 00:13:09,200
of that

338
00:13:13,269 --> 00:13:11,360
it's it's really hard to pick um it it

339
00:13:15,030 --> 00:13:13,279
really depends on your area of interest

340
00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:15,040
whether that's interplanetary

341
00:13:19,350 --> 00:13:17,680
exploration seeing uh planets like

342
00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:19,360
saturn and jupiter or whether it's

343
00:13:23,030 --> 00:13:21,120
seeing stars that are far beyond our

344
00:13:25,910 --> 00:13:23,040
solar system or whether it's just

345
00:13:28,389 --> 00:13:25,920
observing the earth or the human element

346
00:13:46,310 --> 00:13:28,399
in space i think it really depends but

347
00:13:52,550 --> 00:13:47,829
i'm sorry could you repeat that question

348
00:13:52,560 --> 00:13:55,829
satellites

349
00:13:58,389 --> 00:13:57,189
something about others say can we get

350
00:13:59,350 --> 00:13:58,399
you guys to repeat the question one more

351
00:14:02,150 --> 00:13:59,360
time

352
00:14:04,150 --> 00:14:02,160
yeah yeah um he asked how does uh how do

353
00:14:06,550 --> 00:14:04,160
you avoid uh running into other

354
00:14:07,350 --> 00:14:06,560
spacecraft satellites while orbiting the

355
00:14:09,430 --> 00:14:07,360
earth

356
00:14:10,629 --> 00:14:09,440
yeah that's a great question

357
00:14:13,509 --> 00:14:10,639
certainly

358
00:14:15,990 --> 00:14:13,519
avoiding other spacecraft and man-made

359
00:14:18,069 --> 00:14:16,000
debris as well as natural debris that

360
00:14:19,590 --> 00:14:18,079
exists out there in space meteoroids and

361
00:14:21,430 --> 00:14:19,600
micrometeoroids

362
00:14:23,590 --> 00:14:21,440
is one of one of the key things that we

363
00:14:26,150 --> 00:14:23,600
do here in mission control we've got a

364
00:14:28,150 --> 00:14:26,160
lot of information out there about

365
00:14:29,910 --> 00:14:28,160
where objects are and where they orbit

366
00:14:32,389 --> 00:14:29,920
relative to the space station we know

367
00:14:33,990 --> 00:14:32,399
exactly where the space station is and

368
00:14:36,790 --> 00:14:34,000
we have a pretty good idea where a lot

369
00:14:38,629 --> 00:14:36,800
of other debris is in space and we use

370
00:14:41,030 --> 00:14:38,639
that to basically

371
00:14:43,430 --> 00:14:41,040
track or map where they are relative to

372
00:14:45,189 --> 00:14:43,440
each other so if you've got for example

373
00:14:46,710 --> 00:14:45,199
two vehicles on a road and there's an

374
00:14:47,750 --> 00:14:46,720
intersection coming up you want to know

375
00:14:50,150 --> 00:14:47,760
that they're going to cross that

376
00:14:51,990 --> 00:14:50,160
intersection at different times

377
00:14:54,710 --> 00:14:52,000
so what we do here in mission control

378
00:14:57,829 --> 00:14:54,720
working with a number of our our

379
00:14:59,990 --> 00:14:57,839
counterparts outside of houston is to

380
00:15:02,150 --> 00:15:00,000
track where those objects are relative

381
00:15:03,509 --> 00:15:02,160
to the space station and then make sure

382
00:15:05,350 --> 00:15:03,519
that they're not going to intersect at

383
00:15:07,430 --> 00:15:05,360
the same time

384
00:15:10,550 --> 00:15:07,440
occasionally we do find that there's

385
00:15:12,310 --> 00:15:10,560
going to be a pretty close call and

386
00:15:13,829 --> 00:15:12,320
what happens in those cases is we

387
00:15:15,670 --> 00:15:13,839
actually move the space station out of

388
00:15:18,069 --> 00:15:15,680
the way and we perform what's called a

389
00:15:19,990 --> 00:15:18,079
debris avoidance maneuver and we

390
00:15:22,550 --> 00:15:20,000
literally push the space station to a

391
00:15:24,150 --> 00:15:22,560
higher orbit or a lower orbit and get it

392
00:15:25,910 --> 00:15:24,160
out of the way so that it crosses that

393
00:15:27,110 --> 00:15:25,920
intersection at a different time and

394
00:15:28,710 --> 00:15:27,120
keep in mind the space station weighs

395
00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:28,720
about close to a million pounds so

396
00:15:31,910 --> 00:15:30,160
that's uh there actually is somebody

397
00:15:34,870 --> 00:15:31,920
here in mission control that

398
00:15:36,150 --> 00:15:34,880
technically steers the thing and

399
00:15:37,590 --> 00:15:36,160
it's called an adco attitude

400
00:15:39,670 --> 00:15:37,600
determination and control officer and

401
00:15:40,870 --> 00:15:39,680
they can work to the us has a bit of a

402
00:15:43,110 --> 00:15:40,880
different way of steering the station

403
00:15:44,949 --> 00:15:43,120
than the russian side does um but yeah

404
00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:44,959
they can just they can just move it it's

405
00:15:48,389 --> 00:15:46,160
it's one thing you can do in space you

406
00:16:05,350 --> 00:15:48,399
really can't do here on earth so

407
00:16:07,749 --> 00:16:06,710
if we get you guys a little bit closer

408
00:16:09,350 --> 00:16:07,759
to the phone i think we'll be able to

409
00:16:11,030 --> 00:16:09,360
hear you a little bit better carson why

410
00:16:14,310 --> 00:16:11,040
are you trying to come around hold on

411
00:16:14,320 --> 00:16:21,110
wait repeat the question again

412
00:16:24,389 --> 00:16:22,230
with all the training that the

413
00:16:25,990 --> 00:16:24,399
astronauts do how does how does the

414
00:16:28,790 --> 00:16:26,000
training prepare them for things like

415
00:16:31,829 --> 00:16:28,800
motion sickness okay

416
00:16:33,189 --> 00:16:31,839
uh good question again um the astronauts

417
00:16:35,430 --> 00:16:33,199
actually uh

418
00:16:37,670 --> 00:16:35,440
we train them

419
00:16:39,749 --> 00:16:37,680
to experience what is essentially

420
00:16:41,269 --> 00:16:39,759
weightlessness or microgravity before

421
00:16:43,749 --> 00:16:41,279
they ever fly

422
00:16:45,350 --> 00:16:43,759
we have an aircraft

423
00:16:47,590 --> 00:16:45,360
that some people call it the weightless

424
00:16:50,230 --> 00:16:47,600
wonder where we fly people

425
00:16:52,710 --> 00:16:50,240
and they experience short periods of

426
00:16:54,310 --> 00:16:52,720
microgravity or weightlessness and that

427
00:16:56,310 --> 00:16:54,320
that gives you the experience of

428
00:16:57,990 --> 00:16:56,320
floating in space or free falling for

429
00:16:59,990 --> 00:16:58,000
short periods of time so we know what

430
00:17:02,710 --> 00:17:00,000
that feels like and then there's a lot

431
00:17:06,390 --> 00:17:02,720
of other physiologic physiological

432
00:17:07,669 --> 00:17:06,400
training so performing exercise and just

433
00:17:10,470 --> 00:17:07,679
general uh

434
00:17:12,789 --> 00:17:10,480
strength and conditioning that people do

435
00:17:14,710 --> 00:17:12,799
before they fly that we know helps

436
00:17:16,710 --> 00:17:14,720
combat the

437
00:17:18,949 --> 00:17:16,720
the space sickness or occurrence of

438
00:17:20,549 --> 00:17:18,959
space sickness so there's things that we

439
00:17:22,470 --> 00:17:20,559
can do that are considered preventative

440
00:17:24,069 --> 00:17:22,480
measures but then we also train people

441
00:17:26,069 --> 00:17:24,079
to experience what it's going to be like

442
00:17:26,870 --> 00:17:26,079
before they ever get there so they know

443
00:17:31,190 --> 00:17:26,880
what

444
00:17:37,270 --> 00:17:31,200
to combat that

445
00:17:41,029 --> 00:17:39,190
my name is bethany have you always

446
00:17:44,470 --> 00:17:41,039
wanted to work at nasa and what steps

447
00:17:46,950 --> 00:17:44,480
can someone our age to work towards that

448
00:17:49,510 --> 00:17:46,960
that's a good question yeah i uh i get

449
00:17:51,669 --> 00:17:49,520
asked that question a fair amount and uh

450
00:17:53,990 --> 00:17:51,679
the answer is no i i didn't always want

451
00:17:56,070 --> 00:17:54,000
to work for nasa i didn't i didn't uh

452
00:17:57,270 --> 00:17:56,080
you know wake up one day in in grade

453
00:17:59,190 --> 00:17:57,280
school thinking i want to be an

454
00:18:01,350 --> 00:17:59,200
astronaut or a flight director it's

455
00:18:03,350 --> 00:18:01,360
really something that happened over time

456
00:18:05,990 --> 00:18:03,360
it was it was largely

457
00:18:07,990 --> 00:18:06,000
based on my interest in science and

458
00:18:09,830 --> 00:18:08,000
engineering and math i had some great uh

459
00:18:11,909 --> 00:18:09,840
teachers in

460
00:18:15,909 --> 00:18:11,919
in grade school and high school that

461
00:18:18,230 --> 00:18:15,919
encouraged me and i hope and know that

462
00:18:20,470 --> 00:18:18,240
you guys have those folks

463
00:18:22,150 --> 00:18:20,480
encouraging you as well

464
00:18:24,390 --> 00:18:22,160
but i had a great physics

465
00:18:25,750 --> 00:18:24,400
physics teacher a great calculus teacher

466
00:18:28,549 --> 00:18:25,760
in high school they encouraged me to

467
00:18:29,669 --> 00:18:28,559
take advanced placement courses so that

468
00:18:31,430 --> 00:18:29,679
i was

469
00:18:33,350 --> 00:18:31,440
ahead of the curve before i got to

470
00:18:35,350 --> 00:18:33,360
college and then i just continued on

471
00:18:37,190 --> 00:18:35,360
with those studies once i got to college

472
00:18:39,430 --> 00:18:37,200
i honestly thought i would go work for

473
00:18:41,350 --> 00:18:39,440
one of the major aircraft manufacturing

474
00:18:43,990 --> 00:18:41,360
companies boeing or a lockheed when i

475
00:18:45,830 --> 00:18:44,000
got out of college and i was fortunate

476
00:18:48,230 --> 00:18:45,840
enough to

477
00:18:50,390 --> 00:18:48,240
be on the same floor as somebody that

478
00:18:52,710 --> 00:18:50,400
was going to do an internship

479
00:18:55,190 --> 00:18:52,720
in college here in houston as an

480
00:18:56,950 --> 00:18:55,200
engineering intern and we got talking

481
00:18:59,830 --> 00:18:56,960
about it one day and we were friends and

482
00:19:02,549 --> 00:18:59,840
in the same classes and he told me i was

483
00:19:06,150 --> 00:19:02,559
you know hey i'm going to houston uh

484
00:19:07,990 --> 00:19:06,160
next next semester uh to uh to be an

485
00:19:10,070 --> 00:19:08,000
intern at nasa

486
00:19:11,510 --> 00:19:10,080
and that got me interested and i applied

487
00:19:13,750 --> 00:19:11,520
i figured what's the worst that can

488
00:19:15,510 --> 00:19:13,760
happen they'll tell me no you know so i

489
00:19:18,710 --> 00:19:15,520
applied and i was accepted

490
00:19:20,950 --> 00:19:18,720
um so a lesson to you guys is um follow

491
00:19:23,110 --> 00:19:20,960
your interest and take chances you know

492
00:19:25,110 --> 00:19:23,120
get out there and you know even though

493
00:19:26,390 --> 00:19:25,120
you're maybe a little bit gun shy or a

494
00:19:28,710 --> 00:19:26,400
little bit afraid of the answer that

495
00:19:31,110 --> 00:19:28,720
might come back sometimes sometimes you

496
00:19:33,190 --> 00:19:31,120
get exactly what you're aiming for and

497
00:19:34,630 --> 00:19:33,200
so and sometimes you don't uh but that

498
00:19:35,830 --> 00:19:34,640
just means you need to try again or try

499
00:19:36,630 --> 00:19:35,840
a little harder

500
00:19:39,029 --> 00:19:36,640
so

501
00:19:43,029 --> 00:19:39,039
just again follow your interest and

502
00:19:47,510 --> 00:19:45,350
so who's up next hi my name

503
00:19:49,350 --> 00:19:47,520
hi my name is valentina what college

504
00:19:53,350 --> 00:19:49,360
degrees does it take to become an

505
00:19:56,230 --> 00:19:53,360
astronaut or work for mission control

506
00:19:58,549 --> 00:19:56,240
to work in mission control we look for a

507
00:20:00,630 --> 00:19:58,559
degree in science engineering or

508
00:20:03,350 --> 00:20:00,640
mathematics

509
00:20:05,669 --> 00:20:03,360
we have folks that have physics degrees

510
00:20:07,430 --> 00:20:05,679
and chemistry degrees as well as any

511
00:20:10,789 --> 00:20:07,440
number of engineering degrees all

512
00:20:12,230 --> 00:20:10,799
bachelor of science or higher masters

513
00:20:13,909 --> 00:20:12,240
to my knowledge there's only a couple of

514
00:20:15,909 --> 00:20:13,919
phds running around here in mission

515
00:20:17,909 --> 00:20:15,919
control and the astronaut core is very

516
00:20:20,390 --> 00:20:17,919
much the same a large number of

517
00:20:22,070 --> 00:20:20,400
astronauts come from the the united

518
00:20:25,029 --> 00:20:22,080
states military either the navy or the

519
00:20:27,510 --> 00:20:25,039
air force or the marine corps

520
00:20:29,510 --> 00:20:27,520
and they they go through officer

521
00:20:32,830 --> 00:20:29,520
training and they typically have at

522
00:20:36,390 --> 00:20:32,840
least a master's degree and that gets

523
00:20:38,470 --> 00:20:36,400
them the foundation that allows them to

524
00:20:40,470 --> 00:20:38,480
to apply as an astronaut

525
00:20:42,310 --> 00:20:40,480
the criteria to become an astronaut are

526
00:20:43,590 --> 00:20:42,320
listed out there on the on the nasa

527
00:20:45,029 --> 00:20:43,600
website if you're ever interested in

528
00:20:47,430 --> 00:20:45,039
doing that in the future

529
00:20:49,029 --> 00:20:47,440
and uh and the criteria here in mission

530
00:20:51,029 --> 00:20:49,039
control again are very similar to that

531
00:20:53,029 --> 00:20:51,039
so uh just again follow your interest

532
00:20:54,710 --> 00:20:53,039
and if you follow science engineering or

533
00:20:56,950 --> 00:20:54,720
mathematics you you dramatically

534
00:21:01,990 --> 00:20:56,960
increase your your chances of of coming

535
00:21:06,710 --> 00:21:04,549
my giver was oh my name is gabriel ramos

536
00:21:10,470 --> 00:21:06,720
and my question is how does it feel when

537
00:21:13,110 --> 00:21:10,480
you're landing on earth after a mission

538
00:21:14,870 --> 00:21:13,120
hi gabriel um i personally haven't

539
00:21:17,510 --> 00:21:14,880
returned from space i haven't flown in

540
00:21:19,990 --> 00:21:17,520
space i i oversee the the safety and

541
00:21:22,310 --> 00:21:20,000
success of those missions for my friends

542
00:21:24,630 --> 00:21:22,320
the astronauts and cosmonauts who fly

543
00:21:25,990 --> 00:21:24,640
uh from here in mission control

544
00:21:28,070 --> 00:21:26,000
but what i've been told is it really

545
00:21:29,350 --> 00:21:28,080
depends on the spacecraft that you're

546
00:21:30,789 --> 00:21:29,360
returning in

547
00:21:33,430 --> 00:21:30,799
the space shuttle

548
00:21:34,870 --> 00:21:33,440
glides to a slow landing on a runway and

549
00:21:37,430 --> 00:21:34,880
i've been told

550
00:21:39,350 --> 00:21:37,440
by by some of my astronaut friends that

551
00:21:41,110 --> 00:21:39,360
they hardly knew when they touched down

552
00:21:42,950 --> 00:21:41,120
that it was such a soft smooth landing

553
00:21:44,310 --> 00:21:42,960
that that you know they knew they were

554
00:21:45,350 --> 00:21:44,320
within the earth's gravity field but

555
00:21:48,470 --> 00:21:45,360
they didn't know that they were on the

556
00:21:51,350 --> 00:21:48,480
ground uh and then the soyuz uh the

557
00:21:53,270 --> 00:21:51,360
russian spacecraft that returns uh

558
00:21:56,149 --> 00:21:53,280
cosmonauts and astronauts is a little

559
00:21:58,310 --> 00:21:56,159
more abrupt than that it has thrusters

560
00:22:00,870 --> 00:21:58,320
that fire only in the last few feet

561
00:22:03,510 --> 00:22:00,880
before it it hits the the earth's

562
00:22:06,549 --> 00:22:03,520
surface as it glides down on parachutes

563
00:22:08,710 --> 00:22:06,559
and you slow down from uh almost 100

564
00:22:12,310 --> 00:22:08,720
miles an hour to nothing in those few

565
00:22:13,430 --> 00:22:12,320
feet so it's a pretty abrupt uh stop as

566
00:22:14,870 --> 00:22:13,440
you get back to earth and you really

567
00:22:16,950 --> 00:22:14,880
know that you've landed it's like a

568
00:22:18,630 --> 00:22:16,960
small car crash yeah

569
00:22:22,789 --> 00:22:18,640
but they can take it they train for it

570
00:22:26,070 --> 00:22:24,789
hi my name is alex and um how do you

571
00:22:28,230 --> 00:22:26,080
stay balanced when you're floating

572
00:22:29,669 --> 00:22:28,240
inside inside space

573
00:22:31,590 --> 00:22:29,679
how do you how do you maintain balance

574
00:22:32,950 --> 00:22:31,600
while you're floating in space

575
00:22:35,750 --> 00:22:32,960
yes

576
00:22:37,830 --> 00:22:35,760
yeah the uh the astronauts have a lot of

577
00:22:40,310 --> 00:22:37,840
what we call hand holds and footholds in

578
00:22:42,549 --> 00:22:40,320
the uh in the cabin is their floating

579
00:22:44,310 --> 00:22:42,559
weightless in space and what they'll do

580
00:22:48,310 --> 00:22:44,320
is they'll just tuck their their foot

581
00:22:50,070 --> 00:22:48,320
underneath a strap or a handle and uh

582
00:22:52,070 --> 00:22:50,080
they'll just hold on to that you don't

583
00:22:53,669 --> 00:22:52,080
need a whole lot of strength to hold

584
00:22:55,029 --> 00:22:53,679
onto things in space because you're

585
00:22:56,549 --> 00:22:55,039
you're weightless

586
00:22:57,750 --> 00:22:56,559
so the only thing you need to do is

587
00:22:59,909 --> 00:22:57,760
control your

588
00:23:01,909 --> 00:22:59,919
momentum and motion in space

589
00:23:03,270 --> 00:23:01,919
because the the harder or faster you're

590
00:23:07,029 --> 00:23:03,280
moving the harder

591
00:23:09,669 --> 00:23:07,039
uh it is that it is to slow you down so

592
00:23:11,430 --> 00:23:09,679
they just delicately hold themselves

593
00:23:12,950 --> 00:23:11,440
either with a handhold or foothold so

594
00:23:15,590 --> 00:23:12,960
like if you're using a camera you tuck

595
00:23:18,630 --> 00:23:15,600
your foot under a strap and then uh you

596
00:23:20,310 --> 00:23:18,640
use that to uh to you to basically brace

597
00:23:22,549 --> 00:23:20,320
yourself against the floor ceiling or

598
00:23:24,390 --> 00:23:22,559
wall and then you

599
00:23:25,990 --> 00:23:24,400
use both your hands so it's it's a

600
00:23:27,909 --> 00:23:26,000
pretty simple process i've been told

601
00:23:29,430 --> 00:23:27,919
that after a few days of flying you

602
00:23:30,310 --> 00:23:29,440
really get a sense of

603
00:23:34,390 --> 00:23:30,320
of

604
00:23:35,909 --> 00:23:34,400
funny sometimes when you see a brand new

605
00:23:38,149 --> 00:23:35,919
astronaut coming up for the first time

606
00:23:40,070 --> 00:23:38,159
they they kind of use a little too much

607
00:23:41,510 --> 00:23:40,080
force they're a little too aggressive in

608
00:23:43,590 --> 00:23:41,520
how they're maneuvering around or how

609
00:23:45,830 --> 00:23:43,600
they grab a handhold and and they look

610
00:23:47,590 --> 00:23:45,840
kind of clumsy for a few days but after

611
00:23:49,590 --> 00:23:47,600
a while they they really get

612
00:23:53,190 --> 00:23:49,600
the the feel of it down and and they do

613
00:23:55,830 --> 00:23:54,630
all right that's a wonderful answer i'm

614
00:23:57,669 --> 00:23:55,840
going to cut in again this is right at

615
00:24:00,310 --> 00:23:57,679
the dln i believe we only have about a

616
00:24:03,110 --> 00:24:00,320
minute left with mission control so

617
00:24:06,470 --> 00:24:03,120
i may want to allow josh and or mike to

618
00:24:07,990 --> 00:24:06,480
say any uh parting words of inspiration

619
00:24:09,430 --> 00:24:08,000
before we say goodbye

620
00:24:11,110 --> 00:24:09,440
you wanna wrap it up

621
00:24:13,669 --> 00:24:11,120
yeah i just wanna thank you guys for uh

622
00:24:15,830 --> 00:24:13,679
being with us uh and again welcome to

623
00:24:17,669 --> 00:24:15,840
mission control uh you guys are just

624
00:24:18,870 --> 00:24:17,679
down the road from us so please come

625
00:24:21,269 --> 00:24:18,880
visit us

626
00:24:23,669 --> 00:24:21,279
we've got the rocket park out here in

627
00:24:25,110 --> 00:24:23,679
front of nasa and anybody can come see

628
00:24:27,590 --> 00:24:25,120
that it doesn't cost a dime you just

629
00:24:29,269 --> 00:24:27,600
need to get there during daylight hours

630
00:24:30,549 --> 00:24:29,279
and you can see rockets that have flown

631
00:24:33,029 --> 00:24:30,559
in the past

632
00:24:35,430 --> 00:24:33,039
we've got the visitor center here and uh

633
00:24:37,029 --> 00:24:35,440
and if you know somebody here at nasa

634
00:24:39,350 --> 00:24:37,039
you're certainly welcome to come visit

635
00:24:40,789 --> 00:24:39,360
us maybe i'll see you here in mission

636
00:24:42,470 --> 00:24:40,799
control someday

637
00:24:44,470 --> 00:24:42,480
but other than that listen to your

638
00:24:45,990 --> 00:24:44,480
teachers keep studying

639
00:24:48,230 --> 00:24:46,000
make sure that uh you follow your

640
00:24:50,630 --> 00:24:48,240
interest and and uh take chances when it

641
00:24:52,630 --> 00:24:50,640
comes time to to apply to a college or

642
00:24:54,470 --> 00:24:52,640
uh or find the job you you never know

643
00:24:56,230 --> 00:24:54,480
where that's gonna lead uh even though

644
00:24:59,029 --> 00:24:56,240
you might not find the ideal job right

645
00:25:01,350 --> 00:24:59,039
out of the right out of school uh it'll

646
00:25:02,789 --> 00:25:01,360
it'll provide contacts and friends and

647
00:25:03,909 --> 00:25:02,799
it'll let you know what you're

648
00:25:05,350 --> 00:25:03,919
interested in and what you're not

649
00:25:07,110 --> 00:25:05,360
interested in and that's valuable

650
00:25:09,110 --> 00:25:07,120
information that you're the only one

651
00:25:11,029 --> 00:25:09,120
that knows what's right for you so so

652
00:25:13,029 --> 00:25:11,039
make sure you you uh take chances and

653
00:25:14,310 --> 00:25:13,039
make those decisions yeah so thank you

654
00:25:16,710 --> 00:25:14,320
guys down there in galveston like mike

655
00:25:17,990 --> 00:25:16,720
said come see us sometime uh it's we've

656
00:25:19,269 --> 00:25:18,000
got some of the coolest jobs in the

657
00:25:20,950 --> 00:25:19,279
world and hopefully one of the one of

658
00:25:22,549 --> 00:25:20,960
these days you guys will be here

659
00:25:24,149 --> 00:25:22,559
uh working with us so thanks to you guys

660
00:25:26,549 --> 00:25:24,159
and thank you ryan for uh for letting us